Pyrolysis of the Plastics: Catalysts, Product Applications, and Techno-economic Assessment

Anish Pandey; Ajaya Subedi; Shree Raj Shakya; Shukra Raj Paudel

doi:10.63095/NBSEH.25.452055

Authors

Anish Pandey Environmental Engineering Programme, Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
Ajaya Subedi Environmental Engineering Programme, Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
Shree Raj Shakya (1) Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal (2) Centre for Energy Studies, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvam University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
Shukra Raj Paudel Environmental Engineering Programme, Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63095/NBSEH.25.452055

Keywords:

Plastic Wastes, Catalytic Pyrolysis, Techno-economic assessment

Abstract

The growing plastic waste problem and dwindling fossil resources highlight pyrolysis as a promising method to convert plastics into fuels and valuable chemicals. This review explores the pyrolysis of common plastics (PET, PE, PVC, PP, PS) and their mixtures, focusing on reaction mechanisms and product outputs. Catalytic pyrolysis using zeolites, clays, and alkali catalysts improves efficiency over thermal cracking by breaking polymer bonds more effectively. Although it yields useful liquid hydrocarbons, further processing—like distillation and hydrogenation—is needed to meet fuel standards. Gases produced can be used for energy or converted into products like ethylene and carbon nanotubes. A techno-economic analysis addresses feedstock, co-products, and costs, outlining a path to incorporate pyrolysis into a circular economy, promoting both sustainability and economic value.

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